American National Standards Institute - same as ANSI.

ANSI - responsible for standardization of computer interfaces and functions. Contact: Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018 (212) 642-4900.

ANSI X3.159-1989 - The ANSI standard describing the ANSI C language.

POSIX.1 - same as IEEE Std 1003.1, Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language]. Specifies about 100 more functions than in the ANSI C specification that are necessary for a UNIX-like operating system.

POSIX.1 is a standard of the IEEE and JTC1.

POSIX.0 - POSIX guide.

POSIX.2 - commands and utilities. The section titled "Terminology and General Requirements" discusses in detail creation of locales, the portable character set, the content and function of each of the locale categories, and the motivation for internationalization. The remainder of the standard specifies how utilities and commands are affected by I18N.

POSIX.3 - general rules for developing test assertions and related test methods to ensure POSIX conformance.

POSIX.4 - real time extensions.

POSIX.6 - security extensions.

POSIX.17 - C language binding to POSIX.1.

Most of the internationalized support in POSIX.2 was proposed by the UniForum Technical Committee Subcommittee on Internationalization at the request of the POSIX.2 working group.

UniForum - nonprofit organization which organizes subbcommittees of Technical Committees to do standards research on different topics pertinent to POSIX.

language-independent specification - a specification independent of any programming language. This has nothing to do with natural languages.

X/Open - consortium of computer hardware and software vendors in Europe. xpg3@xopen.co.uk.

XPG1 - (July 1985) no I18N facilities. However, it contained a statement that future issues would address I18N.

XPG2 - (January 1987) trial use definition of I18N interfaces derived from NLS system developed by HP, including message catalogs, an announcement mechanism, localeconv() and nl_langinfo(), internationalized versions of library functions, and transparent single-byte codeset operation.

XPG3 - (December 1988) I18N made mandatory. It added improved announcement mechanism, internationalized regular expressions, utility for codeset conversion, and optional internationalized utility environment.

XPG4 - (November 1990) It added worldwide portability interfaces, localedef and locale utilities, full conformance to ANSI C, interfaces for codeset conversion, and extended support for internationalized utility environment. Also, the recommended codeset for portability reverted to The Portable Character set and ASCII.

SunOS 4.1 conforms to XPG2.

SunOS 4.1 includes the ANSI C internationalization routines. SunOS 4.1 conforms to POSIX.1.

SunOS 4.1 supports only iso_8859-1 codeset.

SVR4.1/386 does not support internationalized regular expressions.

SVR4.1/386 attempts to conform fully to XPG4.

SVR4.1/386 curses is internationalized fully.

SVR4.1/386 conforms to POSIX.1.

ANSI X3.43-1986 - Representations for Local Times of the Day for Information Interchange.

GB 2312-1980 - Chinese Association for Standardization. Coded Chinese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange.

KS C 5601-1987 - Korean Bureau of Standards. Korean Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange.